LTCAT,
É a sigla para Laudo Técnico das Condições do Ambiente de Trabalho.
Tem como objetivo identificar a exposição a agentes físicos, químicos ou biológicos prejudiciais à saúde ou à integridade física do trabalhador.
É um documento onde são avaliadas as condições do ambiente de trabalho para determinar se o trabalhador tem direito (ou não) a aposentadoria especial.
Demais documentos e programas estabelecidos na legislação trabalhista e previdenciária servem de base técnica e legal para se elaborar o LTCAT.
Consequentemente também influenciam no preenchimento do PPP.
Exemplos desses programas são PPRA, PCMAT e PCMSO.
Entretanto, a mera consulta e estudo destes documentos e programas não é suficiente para a elaboração do LTCAT.
É necessário que seja realizada a verificação da situação fática de trabalho, in loco.
A necessidade de elaboração do LTCAT está vinculada à presença de agentes de risco.
Ou seja, é independente do número de funcionários registrados e atuantes.
Sumário
Legislação
É importante, em primeiro lugar, deixar claro que o LTCAT é um documento de valor previdenciário, e não trabalhista.
Assim sendo, ele não é disciplinado pelas Normas Regulamentadoras do Ministério do Trabalho.
Mas sim por lei e por Portarias do INSS (Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social).
A aposentadoria especial é um benefício que a Previdência Social.
É concedida ao trabalhador que trabalhar em condições que prejudiquem sua saúde ou sua integridade física.
O período de exercício nessas condições para a concessão do benefício varia, conforme descrito na legislação.
Ele pode ser de 15 (quinze), 20 (vinte) ou 25 (vinte e cinco) anos de contribuição.
Quando um trabalhador exercer função que lhe conceda o direito a aposentadoria especial, a contribuição previdenciária devida pela empresa sofrerá um reajuste.
Na prática, como o empregador é o responsável por expor o trabalhador a essas condições, ele é também responsável por custear a aposentadoria “precoce” do colaborador.
A exigência do LTCAT está descrita no artigo 58 da Lei 8.213/1991, que dispõe dos Planos de Benefícios da Previdência Social.
A legislação descreve sobre a necessidade do documento para concessão do benefício de aposentadoria especial.
Além disso descreve quais são os profissionais habilitados para sua elaboração.
Descreve também as penalidades para as empresas que, tendo obrigação de manter um LTCAT, não o fizerem ou mantiverem um documento desatualizado.
Já o artigo 247 da Instrução Normativa 45/2010 indica as informações obrigatoriamente necessárias no no documento.
Para que serve o LTCAT
O LTCAT indica quais são os níveis de exposição dos trabalhadores a agentes nocivos à sua saúde (agentes químicos, físicos ou biológicos).
Se a empresa apresentar algum desses agentes no seu ambiente de trabalho, a elaboração do LTCAT é obrigatória.
Também, na possibilidade de existir dúvida da existência ou não de algum fator, a empresa deve buscar se precaver e elaborar o laudo.
Ainda que não seja obrigatório, convém às empresas que não apresentam agente de risco em seu ambiente, manter um LTCAT como registro dessa situação.
O objetivo do LTCAT é estabelecer se o trabalhador tem direito à aposentadoria especial ou não, portanto trata-se de um documento de valor previdenciário.
As informações do LTCAT não são definidoras de adicionais de periculosidade ou insalubridade.
É necessário para isso a elaboração de um laudo próprio a essa finalidade.
Não é função do LTCAT buscar formas de minimizar ou eliminar os riscos identificados no ambiente de trabalho.
Isso é uma atribuição do PPRA (Plano de Prevenção de Riscos Ambientais).
O LTCAT apenas reflete a situação do local no momento em que foi elaborado.
A empresa deve manter o LTCAT atualizado em suas instalações.
Deve também mantê-lo disponível para auditores do Ministério do Trabalho, INSS, sindicatos ou outra organização interessada em consultá-lo.
Em caso de processos onde o trabalhador solicita junto ao INSS sua aposentadoria especial, é necessário que ele junte ao processo o PPP (Perfil Profissiográfico Previdenciário).
Por sua vez, o PPP é elaborado pelo empregador, com informações obtidas no LTCAT vigente na época da relação de trabalho entre as partes.
Assim como os demais documentos e programas de segurança no trabalho.
Assim, a não ser que haja decisão judicial exigindo, não é necessário que o trabalhador providencie uma cópia do LTCAT para anexar ao seu processo.
Quem pode elaborar um LTCAT
O LTCAT é um documento que exige a responsabilidade técnica de um profissional habilitado para que seja considerado válido.
Ou seja, necessita de Anotação de Responsabilidade Técnica (ART) ou equivalente.
Para assinar um laudo e consequentemente responsabilizar-se tecnicamente por ele, o profissional deve ter diploma de nível superior.
Assim, a elaboração do LTCAT é uma atribuição do Médico do Trabalho ou do Engenheiro de Segurança do Trabalho.
Lembrando que ambos devem estar devidamente registrados em seus conselhos de classes.
Em nenhum momento é especificado que o LTCAT deve ser elaborado por profissional que faça parte do SESMT da empresa.
Ou seja, que tenha vínculo empregatício com ela.
Assim, os empregadores podem contratar, se considerarem mais interessante ou mais adequado, um profissional prestador de serviços ou uma consultoria para a elaboração do LTCAT.
Lembrando que, em qualquer um dos casos, a ART ou equivalente faz parte do laudo e deve ser recolhida e registrada no documento.
Qual a Periodicidade do LTCAT
Diferentemente do PPRA, que deve ser revisado e atualizado anualmente, o LTCAT não tem uma periodicidade de revisão obrigatória definida na lei.
Apenas são indicadas algumas situações onde o laudo deve ser revisado.
Se não houver mudança nos pontos indicados, não é necessário revisar o laudo.
As situações que exigem revisão e atualização do LTCAT, de acordo com a IN 77, são:
Mudança de layout;
Substituição de máquinas ou de equipamentos;
Adoção ou alteração de tecnologia de proteção coletiva;
Alcance dos níveis de ação estabelecidos nos subitens do item 9.3.6 da NR-09, se aplicável.
O tempo de guarda recomendado para o LTCAT, após sua revisão, é de 20 (vinte) anos.
Esse tempo longo é necessário em virtude da possibilidade de serem requisitadas informações por trabalhadores que estão pleiteando aposentadoria especial.
Portanto, em algum momento do processo, alguma das partes pode solicitar o LTCAT completo.
Poderá solicitar também uma revisão de determinado parâmetro para dar seguimento à causa.
Como é a estrutura do LTCAT
O LTCAT deve apresentar informações sobre os riscos e as proteções individuais e coletivas presentes no ambiente de trabalho estudado.
Proteções essas que diminuam a intensidade do agente nocivo para seu respectivo limite de tolerância.
O laudo também deve apresentar recomendações para adoção dessas proteções no local, se for necessário.
A Instrução Normativa INSS/PRES n˚45, de 06 de agosto de 2010, estabelece que faz parte da estrutura do LTCAT, os seguintes aspectos:
I – Se individual ou coletivo;
II – Identificação da empresa;
III – Identificação do setor e da função;
IV – Descrição da atividade;
V – Identificação de agente nocivo capaz de causar danos à saúde e integridade física, arrolado na Legislação Previdenciária;
VI – Localização das possíveis fontes geradoras;
VII – Via e periodicidade de exposição ao agente nocivo;
VIII – Metodologia e procedimentos de avaliação do agente nocivo;
IX – Descrição das medidas de controle existentes;
X – Conclusão do LTCAT;
XI – Assinatura do médico do trabalho ou engenheiro de segurança; e
XII – Data da realização da avaliação ambiental.
Conclusão
Do ponto de vista do empregador, o LTCAT é um documento de grande importância para realizar corretamente as contribuições previdenciárias de seus trabalhadores, evitar autuações e discussões judiciais futuras.
Já do ponto de vista do trabalhador, é um documento que pode trazer grandes implicações no seu futuro.
Isso porque pode antecipar sua aposentadoria e aumentar o valor de seu benefício.
Em qualquer um dos cenários fica clara a grande responsabilidade do profissional que elabora o LTCAT e de quem o mantém atualizado.
Este deve zelar pela veracidade de informações tão delicadas e importantes.
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