Benefício negado INSS: O que fazer?
Fazer jus ao benefício de aposentadoria exige dos segurados o preenchimento de requisitos que só serão alcançados lá no final da sua carreira.
São décadas de contribuições, registros administrativos, contagem de tempo e por aí vai. Portanto, vamos concordar que as chances de surgirem pendências pelo caminho são consideráveis.
Vamos falar dos problemas mais comuns que possam surgir, como a falta de documentos, inconsistências de dados no sistema, períodos não computados, entre outros.
Some a isso uma postura cada vez mais exigente do INSS em relação à concessão de benefícios.
A lógica é simples: o sistema acumula um déficit bilionário e, por isso, a palavra de ordem é conter gastos. Em outras palavras, dificultar ao máximo a vida dos segurados.
Não é à toa que, todos os anos, milhares de processos negados pelo INSS vão parar na Justiça. E cada vez mais os tribunais têm adotado entendimentos contrários às decisões do órgão previdenciário.
Sendo assim, confira as informações que organizamos para você e saiba como evitar conflitos burocráticos na hora de buscar a sua tão sonhada aposentadoria.
A RAÍZ DE QUASE TODOS OS PROBLEMAS
Sempre reforçamos a importância de se manter os documentos organizados ao longo da vida profissional.
Só essa atitude já é o suficiente para lhe poupar de grande parte das dificuldades que costumam atingir os trabalhadores.
A falta de documentos costuma ser a origem da maioria dos problemas, na hora de requerer o benefício de aposentadoria junto ao INSS.
Isso porque tudo que a Previdência questionar em relação aos seus direitos, terá que ser comprovado por meio de provas documentais.
O trabalhador que não teve sua atividade especial reconhecida, o autônomo que precisa comprovar suas contribuições em determinado período, a confirmação de uma doença incapacitante, enfim, são muitos os exemplos.
Importante: outra forma de driblar possíveis complicações é fazendo o seu Planejamento Previdenciário.
QUANDO O TEMPO DE CONTRIBUIÇÃO NÃO FECHA
Cada modalidade de aposentadoria tem seus requisitos específicos, ainda que muitos sejam compartilhados.
O fato é que, iguais ou diferentes, eles devem ser completados para que você possa se aposentar.
Quando se fala em tempo de contribuição existem algumas variáveis. Completar o tempo mínimo exigido lhe permite aposentar, porém, em alguns casos pode não garantir um valor satisfatório.
Em outras situações, você acha que completou o tempo, porém, descobre que no INSS alguns períodos não foram registrados ou reconhecidos para fins de aposentadoria.
Você vai ter que reivindicar, regularizar e comprovar, adivinha com o quê? Isso mesmo, com documentos.
Portanto, antecipe a sua contagem de tempo de contribuição, identifique possíveis inconsistências e planeje da melhor forma a sua aposentadoria. O conselho aqui é para que você assuma o controle e não deixe para depois.
Quando o segurado mantém seu histórico previdenciário em dia, problemas como a falta de registro de um período contributivo podem ser solucionados com mais tranquilidade.
Importante: Caso algum período contributivo não esteja registrado no Cadastro Nacional de Informações Sociais (CNIS), onde estão listados todos os períodos e valores de contribuição do segurado, solicite uma revisão junto ao INSS.
ATIVIDADE ESPECIAL NÃO RECONHECIDA
Quando o segurado trabalha sob exposição contínua e permanente a agentes nocivos à saúde, desde que preencha os requisitos necessários, ele terá direito à aposentadoria especial.
Embora tenha perdido grande parte de suas vantagens, com a aprovação da Reforma da Previdência, esse benefício ainda permite ao trabalhador aposentar-se em menos tempo.
O problema é que as funções desempenhadas nessa condição, conhecidas como atividades especiais ou insalubres, raramente são reconhecidas pelo INSS, no campo administrativo.
Novamente o grande desafio é conseguir a documentação comprobatória do exercício da atividade e do tempo de contribuição específico.
Entretanto, mesmo que atenda todas as exigências, a insistência do órgão em não reconhecer o direito do trabalhador ao benefício da aposentadoria especial leva praticamente todos os processos dessa natureza para as vias judiciais.
Você pode até tentar um recurso administrativo para confirmar a negativa, mas, as decisões favoráveis aos segurados têm sido alcançadas nos tribunais que, cada vez mais, têm adotado posição contrária ao INSS.
De qualquer forma, a necessidade de provas documentais é inevitável, portanto, comece a juntar esses documentos desde já.
Principalmente, porque são papeis específicos e devem ser emitidos pelas empresas empregadoras.
Saiba mais sobre a Aposentadoria Especial
ATIVIDADE RURAL E DE PESCA NÃO RECONHECIDAS
Muitos trabalhadores iniciam sua vida profissional bem cedo, trabalhando em regime de economia familiar na agricultura ou na pesca.
Essas atividades também são consideradas especiais, desde que devidamente enquadradas nos requisitos e comprovadas por meio de documentos específicos.
O não reconhecimento desses períodos é mais um motivo comum, utilizado pelo INSS para negar pedidos de aposentadoria.
Todo e qualquer documento relativo ao exercício da atividade poderá ajudar na comprovação. Contrato de arrendamento rural, declaração de sindicato, recibos, entre outros.
A lista de exigências é grande, mas não desanime. Antecipe essa organização e busque seus direitos junto ao INSS ou, se necessário, recorra à Justiça.
QUANDO O EMPREGADOR NÃO CUMPRIU A SUA PARTE
Fora o fato lamentável de descobrir que seu empregador não recolheu suas contribuições previdenciárias ao longo dos anos em que você se dedicou a ele, essa situação é mais simples.
Isso porque a pendência nesse caso não é sua, e sim da empresa. Mais uma vez você vai precisar comprovar por meio de documentos que mantinha vínculo empregatício no período não declarado.
Isso você fará com o registro na certeira de trabalho, contracheques, testemunhas e quaisquer outros documentos que liguem você ao empregador.
QUANDO O PROFISSIONAL AUTÔNOMO DEIXOU DE CONTRIBUIR POR UM PERÍODO
Quem trabalha por conta própria tem a responsabilidade de recolher mensalmente suas contribuições ao INSS.
Por conta disso, é muito comum que esses profissionais deixem de contribuir por algum período, seja por esquecimento ou qualquer outro motivo.
O fato é que tal pendência também pode lhe surpreender na hora de solicitar sua aposentadoria, visto que tais períodos não serão reconhecidos.
É importante evitar atrasos nas contribuições, visto que a Previdência cobrará juros e multa que podem chegar a 20% do valor que você pagaria no mês.
O recolhimento das contribuições em atraso pode ser realizado em qualquer época, por meio de duas situações:
Sem comprovação do exercício da atividade
Se o trabalhador já tinha cadastro na categoria ou atividade correspondente, e efetuou o primeiro recolhimento em dia, não há necessidade de comprovação do exercício da atividade. O atraso não pode ser maior que cinco anos.
O cálculo pode ser efetuado diretamente pela internet e o segurado pode emitir as guias e fazer o recolhimento em atraso.
Com a comprovação da atividade
Quando as contribuições representam atraso superior a cinco anos, além do recolhimento é exigida a comprovação do exercício da atividade, de modo a garantir a validação do período para a aposentadoria.
Também existem situações em que o atraso é menor que o prazo de cinco anos, porém, também se faz necessária a comprovação do trabalho, como segue:
- Quando o atraso é menor que cinco anos, mas, o segurado nunca contribuiu para o INSS na qualidade de contribuinte individual;
- Quando o atraso é inferior a cinco anos, porém, as contribuições em atraso antecedem a data de cadastramento na categoria, junto à Previdência Social, ou a data do primeiro recolhimento em dia.
A comprovação do exercício também se dá a partir de provas documentais, como recibos de prestação de serviços referentes ao período dos atrasos, imposto de renda, inscrição profissional na prefeitura, entre outros.
O segurado pode buscar informações no site do INSS ou visitar uma agência da Previdência Social, para que efetuem o cálculo com os encargos.
O site da Receita Federal também tem uma área que ajuda a fazer esse cálculo.
Existem tantas questões que podem provocar uma negativa do INSS sobre seu processo, que seria impossível listarmos aqui.
No entanto, esperamos ter esclarecido, principalmente, a importância de manter seus documentos em dia e estar sempre à par da sua situação junto à Previdência.
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